Advanced Writing

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Acknowledgement IX
Preface to the Seventh Impression X
Preface to the Sixth Impression XII
Part A: Preliminaries
Writing in English 3
Chapter 1: Punctuation 9
1. Apostrophes 9
2. Capital Letters 15
3. Colon 21
4. Comma 25
5. Dash 31
6. Exclamation Marks 35
7. Hyphen 38
8. Parenthesis 41
9. Period 44
10. Question Mark 47
11. Quotation Mark 48
The Direct Speech 51
12. Semi-colon 55
13. Underlining 60
Summary of Exercises 63
Chapter II: Making an Outline 75
1. Forming the Outline 76
2. Characteristics of a Good Outline 78
Logical Subordination 78
Parallel Construction 80
Correct Identation 81
Proper Division 82
3. Organizing the Paper 86
4. Paraphrase 89
Plagiarism 91
Part B: The Paragraph
Parts of the Written Paper 102
1. The Introduction 102
2. The Body 104
3. The Conclusion 105
Revising, Editing, Proofreading 106
1. Revising 106
Major Revision 107
Minor Revision 109
2. Editing 110
A. Editing for Economy and Style 111
B. Editing for Grammar 112
C. Identifying Suspected Errors 115
D. Identifying Unknown Errors 116
3. Proofreading 116
Chapter III: Paragraph 118
1. Definition of Paragraph 118
A. Selecting a Topic 119
B. Limiting the Subject 122
C. The Audience 124
D. The Tone 126
E. The Mood 131
F. The Style 131
2. The Topic Sentence 133
Position of Topic Sentence 134
3. Supporting Sentences 140
Major Supporting Sentence 140
Minor Supporting Sentence 141
4. Characteristics of a Good Paragraph 144
Unity 144
Cohesion 147
Emphasis 157
5. Methods of Paragraph Development 162
A. Example 163
B. Repetition 165
C. Details 166
D. Facts and Statistics 167
E. Anecdote 169
Chapter IV: Different Kinds of Paragraphs 173
1. Definition 173
Types of Definition 176
2. Narration 179
Narrating Fiction 181
Structure of Narrative Paragraph 182
Points of View in Narration 183
3. Description 187
Structure of Descriptive Paragraph 189
4. Comparison and Contrast 194
Analogy 197
5. Cause and Effect 201
Emphasis on Cause 202
Emphasis on Effect 203
Chain Reaction 203
6. Argumentation 204
Structure of Argumentative Paragraph 207
Guidelines for Developing an Argument 208
Fallacies in Argumentation 208
Argumentation by Classifying 212
Argumentation by Defining 213
Argumentation by Cause and Effect 215
Argumentation by Analogy 216
Argumentation by Citing Authority 217
Argumentation by Citing Statistics 218
Argumentation by Deduction 219
Argumentation by Induction 220
Argumentation by Citing Facts and Examples 222
Part C: Summary Writing
Chapter V: Stages in Summary Writing 228
1. Points to Remember When Writing a Summary 230
2. Characteristics of a Summary 230
3. Note-taking 231
Guidelines in Note-taking 232
Points to Remember in Note-taking 233
Chapter VI: Materials That May Need a Summary 234
1. Summarizing Ideas 234
2. Summarizing Data 237
3. Summarizing Events 240
4. Summarizing Plot 244
5. Summarizing Poetry 268
References 286
Index 288

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